{"collections":[{"type":"Collection","title":"Climate Change Adaptation Digital Twin (Climate Adaptation DT)","id":"EO.ECMWF.DAT.DT_CLIMATE_ADAPTATION","description":"The DestinE Digital Twin for Climate Change Adaptation (Climate DT) supports adaptation activities by providing innovative climate information on multi-decadal timescales, globally, at scales at which many impacts of climate change are observed. It combines cutting-edge global Earth-system models, impact-sector applications and observations into a unified framework to provide global climate projections and impact-sector information on multi-decadal timescales (1990 to ~2050), at very high spatial resolutions (5 to 10 km).\n\nThe Climate DT represents the first ever attempt to operationalise the production of global multi-decadal climate projections, leveraging the world-leading supercomputing facilities of the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking along with some of the leading European climate models. A concise overview of what the Climate DT aims to achieve, and of the different concepts essential for an understanding of the Digital Twin’s characteristics, is included in the [Climate DT factsheet](https://destine.ecmwf.int/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/2024.06.07_Climate-DT-Fact-Sheet_V7-2.pdf)\n\n## Models\n\nThe Climate DT exploits and further evolves a new generation of global storm-resolving and eddy-rich models built through a cooperative model development approach. For more information on models please click [here](https://destine.ecmwf.int/climate-change-adaptation-digital-twin-climate-dt/#models)\n\n## Simulations\n\nThe Climate DT team carries out several types of digital twin simulations on the EuroHPC supercomputers.  Multi-decadal simulations are produced to cover the recent past (from 1990) and possible future evolutions of the climate up to 2050. See [here](https://destine.ecmwf.int/climate-change-adaptation-digital-twin-climate-dt/#simulations) for more information on Simulations\n\n## Parameters\n\nBelow we see the list of parameters extracted from the 'DestinE Climate DT data portfolio', for more information please refer to the page [Climate DT Parameters](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/DDCZ/Climate+DT+Phase+1+data+catalogue)","links":[{"rel":"example","type":"application/x-ipynb+json","href":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/destination-earth/DestinE-DataLake-Lab/refs/heads/main/HDA/DestinE%20Digital%20Twins/DEDL-HDA-EO.ECMWF.DAT.DT_CLIMATE.ipynb","title":"Destination Earth - Climate DT Parameter - Data Access using DEDL HDA"},{"rel":"example","type":"application/x-ipynb+json","href":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/destination-earth/DestinE-DataLake-Lab/refs/heads/main/HDA/DestinE%20Digital%20Twins/ClimateDT-ExtractLocationValues.ipynb","title":"DT Tutorial: Is it going to rain in the next 3 weekends?"},{"rel":"example","type":"application/x-ipynb+json","href":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/destination-earth/DestinE-DataLake-Lab/refs/heads/main/HDA/DestinE%20Digital%20Twins/ClimateDT-ParameterPlotter.ipynb","title":"Destination Earth - HDA Climate DT Parameter Plotter Tutorial"},{"rel":"example","type":"application/x-ipynb+json","href":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/destination-earth/DestinE-DataLake-Lab/refs/heads/main/HDA/DestinE%20Digital%20Twins/DEDL-HDA-EO.ECMWF.DAT.DT_CLIMATE-Series.ipynb","title":"Destination Earth - Climate DT Parameter Series Plot- Data Access using DEDL HDA"},{"rel":"describedby","type":"text/html","href":"https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/DDCZ/DestinE+ClimateDT+Parameters","title":"DestinE ClimateDT Parameters"},{"rel":"cite-as","type":"text/html","href":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1109/MCSE.2023.3260519","title":"Destination Earth: High-Performance Computing for Weather and Climate"},{"rel":"cite-as","type":"text/html","href":"https://doi.org/10.21957/d3f982672e","title":"Destination Earth Digital Twin for Climate Change Adaptation (DestinE Climate DT V1)"},{"rel":"self","href":"https://hda.data.destination-earth.eu/stac/collections/EO.ECMWF.DAT.DT_CLIMATE_ADAPTATION","title":"EO.ECMWF.DAT.DT_CLIMATE_ADAPTATION"},{"rel":"root","href":"https://hda.data.destination-earth.eu/stac/"},{"rel":"items","href":"https://hda.data.destination-earth.eu/stac/collections/EO.ECMWF.DAT.DT_CLIMATE_ADAPTATION/items","title":"items"}],"assets":{"thumbnail":{"href":"https://s3.central.data.destination-earth.eu/swift/v1/dedl-public/collections/climate-dt-min.png","roles":["thumbnail"],"title":"overview","type":"image/png"}},"extent":{"spatial":{"bbox":[[-180,-90,180,90]]},"temporal":{"interval":[["2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","2039-12-31T23:59:59Z"]]}},"license":"CC-BY-4.0","keywords":["Sea Ice","Soil","Climate Change","Earth","Digital Twins","Meteorology","Atmosphere","Ocean","Land","Snow","High Performance Computing","Europe","Decision Making"],"stac_version":"1.0.0","stac_extensions":["https://stac-extensions.github.io/scientific/v1.0.0/schema.json","https://stac-extensions.github.io/datacube/v2.1.0/schema.json","https://stac-extensions.github.io/timestamps/v1.1.0/schema.json","https://stac-extensions.github.io/application/v0.1.0/schema.json"],"providers":[{"name":"ECMWF","roles":["producer","processor","licensor"],"url":"https://www.ecmwf.int/"},{"name":"Destination Earth Data Lake (DEDL)","roles":["host"],"url":"https://data.destination-earth.eu/"}],"cube:dimensions":{"lat":{"axis":"y","description":"latitude","extent":[-90,90],"type":"spatial"},"lon":{"axis":"x","description":"longitude","extent":[-180,180],"type":"spatial"},"time":{"extent":["2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","2025-07-01T00:00:00Z"],"step":"P0Y0M0DT1H0M0S","type":"temporal"}},"cube:variables":{"100_metre_U_wind_component":{"attrs":{"long_name":"100 metre U wind component","parameter_ID":228246,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"100u","standard_name":"100_metre_U_wind_component"},"description":"This parameter is the eastward component of the 100 m wind. It is the horizontal speed of air moving towards the east, at a height of 100 metres above the surface of the Earth, in metres per second.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s**-1"},"100_metre_V_wind_component":{"attrs":{"long_name":"100 metre V wind component","parameter_ID":228247,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"100v","standard_name":"100_metre_V_wind_component"},"description":"This parameter is the northward component of the 100 m wind. It is the horizontal speed of air moving towards the east, at a height of 100 metres above the surface of the Earth, in metres per second.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s**-1"},"10_metre_U_wind_component":{"attrs":{"long_name":"10 metre U wind component","parameter_ID":165,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"10u","standard_name":"eastward_wind"},"description":"Eastward component of the near-surface (usually, 10 meters) wind","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s**-1"},"10_metre_V_wind_component":{"attrs":{"long_name":"10 metre V wind component","parameter_ID":166,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"10v","standard_name":"northward_wind"},"description":"Northward component of the near surface wind","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s**-1"},"2_metre_dewpoint_temperature":{"attrs":{"long_name":"2 metre dewpoint temperature","parameter_ID":168,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"2d","standard_name":"dew_point_temperature"},"description":"This parameter is the temperature to which the air, at 2 metres above the surface of the Earth, would have to be cooled for saturation to occur. It is a measure of the humidity of the air. Combined with temperature and pressure, it can be used to calculate the relative humidity.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"K"},"2_metre_temperature":{"attrs":{"long_name":"2 metre temperature","parameter_ID":167,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"2t","standard_name":"air_temperature"},"description":"near-surface (usually, 2 meter) air temperature","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"K"},"Boundary_layer_height":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Boundary layer height","parameter_ID":159,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"blh","standard_name":"Boundary_layer_height"},"description":"This parameter is the depth of air next to the Earth's surface which is most affected by the resistance to the transfer of momentum, heat or moisture across the surface. The boundary layer height can be as low as a few tens of metres, such as in cooling air at night, or as high as several kilometres over the desert in the middle of a hot sunny day. When the boundary layer height is low, higher concentrations of pollutants (emitted from the Earth's surface) can develop.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m"},"Charnock":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Charnock","parameter_ID":148,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"chnk","standard_name":"Charnock"},"description":"This parameter accounts for increased aerodynamic roughness as wave heights grow due to increasing surface stress. It depends on the wind speed, wave age and other aspects of the sea state and is used to calculate how much the waves slow down the wind.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"Numeric"},"Evaporation":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Evaporation","parameter_ID":182,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"e","standard_name":"Evaporation"},"description":"This parameter is the accumulated amount of water that has evaporated from the Earth's surface, including a simplified representation of transpiration (from vegetation), into vapour in the air above. This parameter is accumulated over a particular time period which depends on the data extracted.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m of water equivalent"},"Geopotential":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Geopotential","parameter_ID":129,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"z","standard_name":"Geopotential"},"description":"This parameter is the gravitational potential energy of a unit mass, at a particular location, relative to mean sea level. It is also the amount of work that would have to be done, against the force of gravity, to lift a unit mass to that location from mean sea level.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m**2 s**-2"},"High_cloud_cover":{"attrs":{"long_name":"High cloud cover","parameter_ID":188,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"hcc","standard_name":"High_cloud_cover"},"description":"The proportion of a grid box covered by cloud occurring in the high levels of the troposphere. High cloud is a single level field calculated from cloud occurring on model levels with a pressure less than 0.45 times the surface pressure. So, if the surface pressure is 1000 hPa (hectopascal), high cloud would be calculated using levels with a pressure of less than 450 hPa (approximately 6km and above ( assuming a `standard atmosphere`)).","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"(0 - 1)"},"Land_sea_mask":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Land-sea mask","parameter_ID":172,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"lsm","standard_name":"Land_sea_mask"},"description":"This parameter is the proportion of land, as opposed to ocean or inland waters (lakes, reservoirs, rivers and coastal waters), in a grid box. This parameter has values ranging between zero and one and is dimensionless.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"(0 - 1)"},"Low_cloud_cover":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Low cloud cover","parameter_ID":186,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"lcc","standard_name":"Low_cloud_cover"},"description":"This parameter is the proportion of a grid box covered by cloud occurring in the lower levels of the troposphere. Low cloud is a single level field calculated from cloud occurring on model levels with a pressure greater than 0.8 times the surface pressure. So, if the surface pressure is 1000 hPa (hectopascal), low cloud would be calculated using levels with a pressure greater than 800 hPa (below approximately 2km (assuming a 'standard atmosphere')).","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"(0 - 1)"},"Mean_sea_level_pressure":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Mean sea level pressure","parameter_ID":151,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"msl","standard_name":"Mean_sea_level_pressure"},"description":"This parameter is the pressure (force per unit area) of the atmosphere adjusted to the height of mean sea level.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"Pa"},"Medium_cloud_cover":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Medium cloud cover","parameter_ID":187,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"mcc","standard_name":"Medium_cloud_cover"},"description":"This parameter is the proportion of a grid box covered by cloud occurring in the middle levels of the troposphere. Medium cloud is a single level field calculated from cloud occurring on model levels with a pressure between 0.45 and 0.8 times the surface pressure. So, if the surface pressure is 1000 hPa (hectopascal), medium cloud would be calculated using levels with a pressure of less than or equal to 800 hPa and greater than or equal to 450 hPa (between approximately 2km and 6km (assuming a 'standard atmosphere')).","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"(0 - 1)"},"Potential_vorticity":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Potential vorticity","parameter_ID":60,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"pv","standard_name":"Potential_vorticity"},"description":"Potential vorticity is a measure of the capacity for air to rotate in the atmosphere. If we ignore the effects of heating and friction, potential vorticity is conserved following an air parcel. It is used to look for places where large wind storms are likely to originate and develop. Potential vorticity increases strongly above the tropopause and therefore, it can also be used in studies related to the stratosphere and stratosphere-troposphere exchanges.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"K m**2 kg**-1 s**-1"},"Relative_humidity":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Relative humidity","parameter_ID":157,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"r","standard_name":"Relative_humidity"},"description":"This parameter is the water vapour pressure as a percentage of the value at which the air becomes saturated (the point at which water vapour begins to condense into liquid water or deposition into ice).","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"%"},"Skin_temperature":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Skin temperature","parameter_ID":235,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"skt","standard_name":"Skin_temperature"},"description":"This parameter is the temperature of the surface of the Earth. The skin temperature is the theoretical temperature that is required to satisfy the surface energy balance. It represents the temperature of the uppermost surface layer, which has no heat capacity and so can respond instantaneously to changes in surface fluxes. Skin temperature is calculated differently over land and sea.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"K"},"Snow_depth":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Snow depth","parameter_ID":141,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"sd","standard_name":"Snow_depth"},"description":"This parameter is the depth of snow from the snow-covered area of a grid box.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m of water equivalent"},"Snow_depth_water_equivalent":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Snow depth water equivalent","parameter_ID":228141,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"sd","standard_name":"Snow_depth_water_equivalent"},"description":"Snow depth water equivalent in kg m**-2 (mm) water equivalent. Please note that the encodings listed here for s2s \u0026 uerra (which includes carra/cerra) include entries for Time-mean snow depth water equivalent. The specific encoding for Time-mean snow depth water equivalent can be found in 235078.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"kg m**-2"},"Snowfall":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Snowfall","parameter_ID":144,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"sf","standard_name":"Snowfall"},"description":"This parameter is the accumulated snow that falls to the Earth's surface. It is the sum of large-scale snowfall and convective snowfall. Large-scale snowfall is generated by the cloud scheme in the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS). The cloud scheme represents the formation and dissipation of clouds and large-scale precipitation due to changes in atmospheric quantities (such as pressure, temperature and moisture) predicted directly by the IFS at spatial scales of the grid box or larger.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m of water equivalent"},"Specific_cloud_liquid_water_content":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Specific cloud liquid water content","parameter_ID":246,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"clwc","standard_name":"Specific_cloud_liquid_water_content"},"description":"This parameter is the mass of cloud liquid water droplets per kilogram of the total mass of moist air. The 'total mass of moist air' is the sum of the dry air, water vapour, cloud liquid, cloud ice, rain and falling snow. This parameter represents the average value for a grid box.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"kg kg**-1"},"Specific_humidity":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Specific humidity","parameter_ID":133,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"q","standard_name":"Specific_humidity"},"description":"This parameter is the mass of water vapour per kilogram of moist air. The total mass of moist air is the sum of the dry air, water vapour, cloud liquid, cloud ice, rain and falling snow.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"kg kg**-1"},"Sub_surface_runoff":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Sub-surface runoff","parameter_ID":9,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"ssro","standard_name":"Sub_surface_runoff"},"description":"Some water from rainfall, melting snow, or deep in the soil, stays stored in the soil. Otherwise, the water drains away, either over the surface (surface runoff), or under the ground (sub-surface runoff) and the sum of these two is simply called 'runoff'. This parameter is the total amount of water accumulated over a particular time period which depends on the data extracted.The units of runoff are depth in metres. This is the depth the water would have if it were spread evenly over the grid box. Care should be taken when comparing model parameters with observations, because observations are often local to a particular point rather than averaged over a grid square area. Observations are also often taken in different units, such as mm/day, rather than the accumulated metres produced here.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m"},"Surface_latent_heat_flux":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Surface latent heat flux","parameter_ID":147,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"slhf","standard_name":"Surface_latent_heat_flux"},"description":"This parameter is the transfer of latent heat (resulting from water phase changes, such as evaporation or condensation) between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere through the effects of turbulent air motion. Evaporation from the Earth's surface represents a transfer of energy from the surface to the atmosphere.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"J m**-2"},"Surface_long_wave_(thermal)_radiation_downwards":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Surface short-wave (solar) radiation downwards","parameter_ID":175,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"strd","standard_name":"Surface_long_wave_(thermal)_radiation_downwards"},"description":"This parameter is the amount of thermal (also known as longwave or terrestrial) radiation emitted by the atmosphere and clouds that reaches a horizontal plane at the surface of the Earth. The surface of the Earth emits thermal radiation, some of which is absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds. The atmosphere and clouds likewise emit thermal radiation in all directions, some of which reaches the surface (represented by this parameter).","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"J m**-2"},"Surface_net_long_wave_(thermal)_radiation":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Surface net long-wave (thermal) radiation","parameter_ID":177,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"str","standard_name":"Surface_net_long_wave_(thermal)_radiation"},"description":"Thermal radiation (also known as longwave or terrestrial radiation) refers to radiation emitted by the atmosphere, clouds and the surface of the Earth. This parameter is the difference between downward and upward thermal radiation at the surface of the Earth. It the amount passing through a horizontal plane. The atmosphere and clouds emit thermal radiation in all directions, some of which reaches the surface as downward thermal radiation. The upward thermal radiation at the surface consists of thermal radiation emitted by the surface plus the fraction of downwards thermal radiation reflected upward by the surface.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"J m**-2"},"Surface_net_short_wave_(solar)_radiation":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Surface net short-wave (solar) radiation","parameter_ID":176,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"ssr","standard_name":"Surface_net_short_wave_(solar)_radiation"},"description":"This parameter is the amount of solar radiation (also known as shortwave radiation) that reaches a horizontal plane at the surface of the Earth (both direct and diffuse) minus the amount reflected by the Earth's surface (which is governed by the albedo). Radiation from the Sun (solar, or shortwave, radiation) is partly reflected back to space by clouds and particles in the atmosphere (aerosols) and some of it is absorbed. The remainder is incident on the Earth's surface, where some of it is reflected.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"J m**-2"},"Surface_sensible_heat_flux":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Surface sensible heat flux","parameter_ID":146,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"sshf","standard_name":"Surface_sensible_heat_flux"},"description":"This parameter is the transfer of heat between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere through the effects of turbulent air motion (but excluding any heat transfer resulting from condensation or evaporation). The magnitude of the sensible heat flux is governed by the difference in temperature between the surface and the overlying atmosphere, wind speed and the surface roughness. For example, cold air overlying a warm surface would produce a sensible heat flux from the land (or ocean) into the atmosphere.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"J m**-2"},"Surface_short_wave_(solar)_radiation_downwards":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Surface short-wave (solar) radiation downwards","parameter_ID":169,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"ssrd","standard_name":"Surface_short_wave_(solar)_radiation_downwards"},"description":"This parameter is the amount of solar radiation (also known as shortwave radiation) that reaches a horizontal plane at the surface of the Earth. This parameter comprises both direct and diffuse solar radiation. Radiation from the Sun (solar, or shortwave, radiation) is partly reflected back to space by clouds and particles in the atmosphere (aerosols) and some of it is absorbed. The rest is incident on the Earth's surface (represented by this parameter).","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"J m**-2"},"TOA_incident_short_wave_(solar)_radiation":{"attrs":{"long_name":"TOA incident short-wave (solar) radiation","parameter_ID":212,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"tisr","standard_name":"TOA_incident_short_wave_(solar)_radiation"},"description":"Accumulated field","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"J m**-2"},"Temperature":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Temperature","parameter_ID":130,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"t","standard_name":"Temperature"},"description":"This parameter is the temperature in the atmosphere.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"K"},"Time-integrated eastward turbulent surface stress due to surface roughness":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time-integrated eastward turbulent surface stress due to surface roughness","parameter_ID":260654,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"etsssr","standard_name":"Time-integrated eastward turbulent surface stress due to surface roughness"},"description":" ","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"N m**-2 s"},"Time-integrated northward turbulent surface stress due to surface roughness":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time-integrated northward turbulent surface stress due to surface roughness","parameter_ID":260655,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"ntsssr","standard_name":"Time-integrated northward turbulent surface stress due to surface roughness"},"description":" ","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"N m**-2 s"},"Time-mean_snow_thickness_over_sea_ice":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time-mean snow thickness over sea ice","parameter_ID":263002,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_sisnthick","standard_name":"Time-mean_snow_thickness_over_sea_ice"},"description":"","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m"},"Time_integrated_eastward_turbulent_surface_stress":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time-integrated eastward turbulent surface stress","parameter_ID":180,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"ewss","standard_name":"Time_integrated_eastward_turbulent_surface_stress"},"description":"Air flowing over a surface exerts a stress that transfers momentum to the surface and slows the wind. This parameter is the accumulated stress on the Earth's surface in the eastward direction due to both the turbulent interactions between the atmosphere and the surface, and to turbulent orographic form drag. The turbulent interactions between the atmosphere and the surface are due to the roughness of the surface. The turbulent orographic form drag is the stress due to the valleys, hills and mountains on horizontal scales below 5km being derived from land surface data at about 1 km resolution.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"N m**-2 s"},"Time_integrated_northward_turbulent_surface_stress":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time_integrated_northward_turbulent_surface_stress","parameter_ID":181,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"nsss","standard_name":"Time_integrated_eastward_turbulent_surface_stress"},"description":"Air flowing over a surface exerts a stress that transfers momentum to the surface and slows the wind. This parameter is the accumulated stress on the Earth's surface in the northward direction due to both the turbulent interactions between the atmosphere and the surface, and to turbulent orographic form drag. The turbulent interactions between the atmosphere and the surface are due to the roughness of the surface.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"N m**-2 s"},"Time_mean_X_component_of_sea_ice_velocity":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time_mean_X_component_of_sea_ice_velocity","parameter_ID":263021,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_six","standard_name":"Time_mean_X_component_of_sea_ice_velocity"},"description":" ","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s**-1"},"Time_mean_Y_component_of_sea_ice_velocity":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time_mean_Y_component_of_sea_ice_velocity","parameter_ID":263022,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_siy","standard_name":"Time_mean_Y_component_of_sea_ice_velocity"},"description":" ","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s**-1"},"Time_mean_eastward_sea_ice_velocity":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time-mean eastward sea ice velocity","parameter_ID":263003,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_siue","standard_name":"Time_mean_eastward_sea_ice_velocity"},"description":" ","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s**-1"},"Time_mean_eastward_sea_water_velocity":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time-mean eastward sea water velocity","parameter_ID":263506,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_uoe","standard_name":"Time_mean_eastward_sea_water_velocity"},"description":" ","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s**-1"},"Time_mean_northward_sea_ice_velocity":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time-mean northward sea ice velocity","parameter_ID":263004,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_sivn","standard_name":"Time_mean_northward_sea_ice_velocity"},"description":" ","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s**-1"},"Time_mean_northward_sea_water_velocity":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time-mean northward sea water velocity","parameter_ID":263505,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_von","standard_name":"Time_mean_northward_sea_water_velocity"},"description":" ","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s**-1"},"Time_mean_ocean_mixed_layer_depth_defined_by_sigma_theta_0.03_kg_m-3":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time-mean ocean mixed layer depth defined by sigma theta 0.03 kg m-3","parameter_ID":263114,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_mlotst030","standard_name":"Time_mean_ocean_mixed_layer_depth_defined_by_sigma_theta_0.03_kg_m-3"},"description":" ","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m"},"Time_mean_sea_ice_area_fraction":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time-mean sea ice area fraction","parameter_ID":263001,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_siconc","standard_name":"Time_mean_sea_ice_area_fraction"},"description":" ","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"Fraction"},"Time_mean_sea_ice_thickness":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time-mean sea ice thickness","parameter_ID":263000,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_sithick","standard_name":"Time_mean_sea_ice_thickness"},"description":" ","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m"},"Time_mean_sea_ice_volume_per_unit_area":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time-mean sea ice volume per unit area","parameter_ID":263008,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_sivol","standard_name":"Time_mean_sea_ice_volume_per_unit_area"},"description":" ","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m**3 m**-2"},"Time_mean_sea_surface_height":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time-mean sea surface height","parameter_ID":263124,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_zos","standard_name":"Time_mean_sea_surface_height"},"description":" ","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m"},"Time_mean_sea_surface_practical_salinity":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time-mean sea surface practical salinity","parameter_ID":263100,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_sos","standard_name":"Time_mean_sea_surface_practical_salinity"},"description":" ","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"g kg**-1"},"Time_mean_sea_surface_temperature":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time_mean_sea_surface_temperature","parameter_ID":263101,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_tos","standard_name":"Time_mean_sea_surface_temperature"},"description":" ","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"K"},"Time_mean_sea_water_potential_temperature":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time-mean sea water potential temperature","parameter_ID":263501,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_thetao","standard_name":"Time_mean_sea_water_potential_temperature"},"description":" ","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"K"},"Time_mean_sea_water_practical_salinity":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time-mean sea water practical salinity","parameter_ID":263500,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_so","standard_name":"Time_mean_sea_water_practical_salinity"},"description":" ","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"g kg**-1"},"Time_mean_snow_volume_over_sea_ice_per_unit_area":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time-mean snow volume over sea ice per unit area","parameter_ID":263009,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_snvol","standard_name":"Time_mean_snow_volume_over_sea_ice_per_unit_area"},"description":" ","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m**3 m**-2"},"Time_mean_upward_sea_water_velocity":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time-mean upward sea water velocity","parameter_ID":263507,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_wo","standard_name":"Time_mean_upward_sea_water_velocity"},"description":" ","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s**-1"},"Time_mean_vertically_integrated_heat_content_in_the_upper_300_m":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time-mean vertically-integrated heat content in the upper 300 m","parameter_ID":263121,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_hc300m","standard_name":"Time_mean_vertically_integrated_heat_content_in_the_upper_300_m"},"description":" ","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"J m**-2"},"Time_mean_vertically_integrated_heat_content_in_the_upper_700_m":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Time-mean vertically-integrated heat content in the upper 700 m","parameter_ID":263122,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_hc700m","standard_name":"Time_mean_vertically_integrated_heat_content_in_the_upper_700_m"},"description":" ","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"J m**-2"},"Top_net_long_wave_(thermal)_radiation":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Top net long-wave (thermal) radiation","parameter_ID":179,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"ttr","standard_name":"Top_net_long_wave_(thermal)_radiation"},"description":"The thermal (also known as terrestrial or longwave) radiation emitted to space at the top of the atmosphere is commonly known as the Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR). The top net thermal radiation (this parameter) is equal to the negative of OLR.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"J m**-2"},"Top_net_short_wave_(solar)_radiation":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Top net short-wave (solar) radiation","parameter_ID":178,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"tsr","standard_name":"Top_net_short_wave_(solar)_radiation"},"description":"This parameter is the incoming solar radiation (also known as shortwave radiation) minus the outgoing solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere. It is the amount of radiation passing through a horizontal plane. The incoming solar radiation is the amount received from the Sun. The outgoing solar radiation is the amount reflected and scattered by the Earth's atmosphere and surface.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"J m**-2"},"Total_cloud_cover":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Total cloud cover","parameter_ID":164,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"tcc","standard_name":"Total_cloud_cover"},"description":"This parameter is the proportion of a grid box covered by cloud. Total cloud cover is a single level field calculated from the cloud occurring at different model levels through the atmosphere. Assumptions are made about the degree of overlap/randomness between clouds at different heights.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"(0 - 1)"},"Total_cloud_cover_":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Total cloud cover","parameter_ID":228164,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"tcc_","standard_name":"Total_cloud_cover_"},"description":"[NOTE: See 164 for the equivalent parameter in 0-1]","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"%"},"Total_column_cloud_ice_water":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Total column cloud ice water","parameter_ID":79,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"tciw","standard_name":"Total_column_cloud_ice_water"},"description":"the amount of ice contained within clouds in a column extending from the surface of the Earth to the top of the atmosphere. Snow (aggregated ice crystals) is not included in this parameter.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"kg m**-2"},"Total_column_cloud_liquid_water":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Total column cloud liquid water","parameter_ID":78,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"tclw","standard_name":"Total_column_cloud_liquid_water"},"description":"the amount of liquid water contained within clouds in a column extending from the surface of the Earth to the top of the atmosphere. Snow (aggregated ice crystals) is not included in this parameter.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"kg m**-2"},"Total_column_vertically_integrated_water_vapour":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Total column vertically-integrated water vapour","parameter_ID":137,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"tcwv","standard_name":"Total_column_vertically_integrated_water_vapour"},"description":"This parameter is the total amount of water vapour in a column extending from the surface of the Earth to the top of the atmosphere.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"kg m**-2"},"Total_precipitation_rate":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Total precipitation rate","parameter_ID":260048,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"tprate","standard_name":"Total_precipitation_rate"},"description":"This parameter is the rate of total precipitation, at the specified time. In the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS), total precipitation is rain and snow that falls to the Earth's surface. It is the sum of large-scale precipitation and convective precipitation. Large-scale precipitation is generated by the cloud scheme in the IFS. The cloud scheme represents the formation and dissipation of clouds and large-scale precipitation due to changes in atmospheric quantities (such as pressure, temperature and moisture) predicted directly by the IFS at spatial scales of a grid box or larger. Convective precipitation is generated by the convection scheme in the IFS. The convection scheme represents convection at spatial scales smaller than the grid box.See further information. Precipitation parameters do not include fog, dew or the precipitation that evaporates in the atmosphere before it lands at the surface of the Earth.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"kg m**-2 s**-1"},"U_component_of_wind":{"attrs":{"long_name":"U component of wind","parameter_ID":131,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"u","standard_name":"U_component_of_wind"},"description":"This parameter is the eastward component of the wind. It is the horizontal speed of air moving towards the east, in metres per second. A negative sign thus indicates air movement towards the west.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s**-1"},"V_component_of_wind":{"attrs":{"long_name":"V component of wind","parameter_ID":132,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"v","standard_name":"V_component_of_wind"},"description":"This parameter is the northward component of the wind. It is the horizontal speed of air moving towards the east, in metres per second. A negative sign thus indicates air movement towards the west.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s**-1"},"Vertical_velocity":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Vertical velocity","parameter_ID":135,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"w","standard_name":"Vertical_velocity"},"description":"This parameter is the speed of air motion in the upward or downward direction. The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) uses a pressure based vertical co-ordinate system and pressure decreases with height, therefore negative values of vertical velocity indicate upward motion.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"Pa s**-1"},"surface_pressure":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Surface pressure","parameter_ID":134,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"sp","standard_name":"surface_air_pressure"},"description":"Surface pressure (not mean sea-level pressure), 2-D field to calculate the 3-D pressure field from hybrid coordinates","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"Pa"},"surface_runoff":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Surface runoff","parameter_ID":8,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"sro","standard_name":"surface_runoff_amount"},"description":"Some water from rainfall, melting snow, or deep in the soil, stays stored in the soil. Otherwise, the water drains away, either over the surface (surface runoff), or under the ground (sub-surface runoff) and the sum of these two is simply called 'runoff'. This parameter is the total amount of water accumulated over a particular time period which depends on the data extracted.The units of runoff are depth in metres. This is the depth the water would have if it were spread evenly over the grid box. Care should be taken when comparing model parameters with observations, because observations are often local to a particular point rather than averaged over a grid square area. Observations are also often taken in different units, such as mm/day, rather than the accumulated metres produced here.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m"},"total_precipitation":{"attrs":{"long_name":"Total precipitation","parameter_ID":228,"product_type":"forecast","shortName":"tp","standard_name":"lwe_thickness_of_precipitation_amount"},"description":"The construction lwe_thickness_of_X_amount or _content means the vertical extent of a layer of liquid water having the same mass per unit area. 'Precipitation' in the Earth's atmosphere means precipitation of water in all phases. The abbreviation 'lwe' means liquid water equivalent.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m"}},"dedl:short_description":"The Climate Change Adaptation Digital Twin provides global climate projections and sector-specific information over multiple decades at high resolution via a unified framework combining advanced Earth system models, impact assessments, and observations."}],"links":[{"rel":"root","type":"application/json","href":"https://hda.data.destination-earth.eu/stac/"},{"rel":"parent","type":"application/json","href":"https://hda.data.destination-earth.eu/stac/"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/json","href":"https://hda.data.destination-earth.eu/stac/collections"}]}