{"collections":[{"type":"Collection","title":"Climate Change Adaptation Digital Twin (Climate Adaptation DT) - Future Projection - IFS-NEMO - Generation-2 - Realization-1","id":"EO.ECMWF.DAT.D1.DT_CLIMATE.G2.PROJECTIONS_SSP3-7.0_IFS-NEMO.R1","description":"The DestinE Digital Twin for Climate Change Adaptation (Climate DT) supports adaptation activities by providing innovative climate information on multi-decadal timescales, globally, at scales at which many impacts of climate change are observed. It combines cutting-edge global Earth-system models, impact-sector applications and observations into a unified framework to provide global climate projections and impact-sector information on multi-decadal timescales (1990 to ~2050), at very high spatial resolutions (5 to 10 km).\n\nThe Climate DT represents the first ever attempt to operationalise the production of global multi-decadal climate projections, leveraging the world-leading supercomputing facilities of the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking along with some of the leading European climate models. A concise overview of what the Climate DT aims to achieve, and of the different concepts essential for an understanding of the Digital Twin’s characteristics, is included in the [Climate DT factsheet](https://destine.ecmwf.int/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/2024.06.07_Climate-DT-Fact-Sheet_V7-2.pdf)\n\n## Future Projection \n\n To project how climate will change on a global and local scale in the future, forcing changes according to the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 3-7.0 scenario from ScenarioMIP. The SSP3-7.0 scenario explores a future with a continuous increase in CO2 emissions with no strong mitigation efforts. All DestinE projections carried out so far follow this scenario. In the future, alternative future scenarios will be explored. The projections carried out so far are initialised in 2020 from reanalysis followed by a 5-year ocean spin-up. For the upcoming simulations carried out in phase 2 of DestinE, scenario simulations will extend the historical simulations.\n\n## Models\n\nThe Climate DT exploits and further evolves a new generation of global storm-resolving and eddy-rich models built through a cooperative model development approach. For more information on models please click [here](https://destine.ecmwf.int/climate-change-adaptation-digital-twin-climate-dt/#models)\n\n## Simulations\n\nThe Climate DT team carries out several types of digital twin simulations on the EuroHPC supercomputers.  Multi-decadal simulations are produced to cover the recent past (from 1990) and possible future evolutions of the climate up to 2050. See [here](https://destine.ecmwf.int/climate-change-adaptation-digital-twin-climate-dt/#simulations) for more information on Simulations\n\n## Parameters\n\nBelow we see the list of parameters extracted from the 'DestinE Climate DT data portfolio', for more information please refer to the pages [Climate DT Phase2 CLTE Parameters](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/DDCZ/DestinE+ClimateDT+Phase+2+clte+Parameters) and [Climate DT Phase2 CLMN Parameters](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/DDCZ/DestinE+ClimateDT+Phase+2+clmn+Parameters)","links":[{"rel":"retrieve","type":"application/geo+json","href":"https://hda.data.destination-earth.eu/stac/v2/collections/EO.ECMWF.DAT.D1.DT_CLIMATE.G2.PROJECTIONS_SSP3-7.0_IFS-NEMO.R1/order","title":"Retrieve","method":"POST"},{"rel":"http://www.opengis.net/def/rel/ogc/1.0/queryables","type":"application/schema+json","href":"https://hda.data.destination-earth.eu/stac/v2/collections/EO.ECMWF.DAT.D1.DT_CLIMATE.G2.PROJECTIONS_SSP3-7.0_IFS-NEMO.R1/queryables","title":"Queryables"},{"rel":"items","type":"application/geo+json","href":"https://hda.data.destination-earth.eu/stac/v2/collections/EO.ECMWF.DAT.D1.DT_CLIMATE.G2.PROJECTIONS_SSP3-7.0_IFS-NEMO.R1/items","title":"Items"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/json","href":"https://hda.data.destination-earth.eu/stac/v2/collections/EO.ECMWF.DAT.D1.DT_CLIMATE.G2.PROJECTIONS_SSP3-7.0_IFS-NEMO.R1","title":"Climate Change Adaptation Digital Twin (Climate Adaptation DT) - Future Projection - IFS-NEMO - Generation-2 - Realization-1"},{"rel":"describedby","type":"text/html","href":"https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/DDCZ/DestinE+ClimateDT+Phase+2+clte+Parameters","title":"DestinE ClimateDT Phase 2 CLTE Parameters"},{"rel":"describedby","type":"text/html","href":"https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/DDCZ/DestinE+ClimateDT+Phase+2+clmn+Parameters","title":"DestinE ClimateDT Phase 2 CLMN Parameters"},{"rel":"cite-as","type":"text/html","href":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1109/MCSE.2023.3260519","title":"Destination Earth: High-Performance Computing for Weather and Climate"},{"rel":"cite-as","type":"text/html","href":"https://doi.org/10.21957/d3f982672e","title":"Destination Earth Digital Twin for Climate Change Adaptation (DestinE Climate DT V1)"}],"assets":{"thumbnail":{"href":"https://s3.central.data.destination-earth.eu/swift/v1/dedl-public/collections/climate-dt-min.png","roles":["thumbnail"],"title":"overview","type":"image/png"}},"extent":{"spatial":{"bbox":[[-180,-90,180,90]]},"temporal":{"interval":[["2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","2049-12-31T23:59:59Z"]]}},"license":"CC-BY-4.0","keywords":["Digital Twins","Climate Change","Atmosphere","Ocean","Land","Sea Ice","Snow","Soil","Earth","High Performance Computing","Decision Making","Europe","Meteorology","class:d1","dataset:climate-dt","generation:2","expver:0001","stream:clmn,clte","type:fc","activity:projections","experiment:SSP3-7.0","realization:1","model:IFS-NEMO","resolution:standard,high","levtype:hl,o2d,o3d,pl,sfc,sol"],"summaries":{"federation:backends":["dedt_mn5"]},"stac_version":"1.1.0","stac_extensions":["https://stac-extensions.github.io/scientific/v1.0.0/schema.json","https://stac-extensions.github.io/datacube/v2.1.0/schema.json","https://stac-extensions.github.io/timestamps/v1.1.0/schema.json"],"providers":[{"name":"ECMWF","roles":["producer","processor","licensor"],"url":"https://www.ecmwf.int/"}],"created":"2024-04-11T22:31:55Z","updated":"2026-04-24T10:24:59Z","published":"2024-04-11T22:31:55Z","cube:dimensions":{"lat":{"axis":"y","description":"latitude","extent":[-90,90],"type":"spatial"},"lon":{"axis":"x","description":"longitude","extent":[-180,180],"type":"spatial"},"time":{"extent":["2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","2049-12-31T23:59:59Z"],"step":"P0Y0M0DT1H0M0S","type":"temporal"}},"cube:variables":{"10_metre_U_wind_component(clte_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"10","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"10 metre U wind component","parameter_ID":"165","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"10u","standard_name":"10_metre_U_wind_component","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/165"},"description":"This parameter is the eastward component of the 10m wind. It is the horizontal speed of air moving towards the east, at a height of ten metres above the surface of the Earth, in metres per second.Care should be taken when comparing this parameter with observations, because wind observations vary on small space and time scales and are affected by the local terrain, vegetation and buildings that are represented only on average in the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System.This parameter can be combined with the V component of 10m wind to give the speed and direction of the horizontal 10m wind.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s-1"},"10_metre_V_wind_component(clte_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"10","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"10 metre V wind component","parameter_ID":"166","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"10v","standard_name":"10_metre_V_wind_component","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/166"},"description":"This parameter is the northward component of the 10m wind. It is the horizontal speed of air moving towards the north, at a height of ten metres above the surface of the Earth, in metres per second.Care should be taken when comparing this parameter with observations, because wind observations vary on small space and time scales and are affected by the local terrain, vegetation and buildings that are represented only on average in the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System.This parameter can be combined with the U component of 10m wind to give the speed and direction of the horizontal 10m wind.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s-1"},"10_metre_wind_speed(clte_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"10","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"10 metre wind speed","parameter_ID":"207","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"10si","standard_name":"10_metre_wind_speed","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/207"},"description":"This parameter is the horizontal speed of the wind, or movement of air, at a height of ten metres above the surface of the Earth. The units of this parameter are metres per second.Care should be taken when comparing this parameter with observations, because wind observations vary on small space and time scales and are affected by the local terrain, vegetation and buildings that are represented only on average in the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System.The eastward and northward components of the horizontal wind at 10m are also available as parameters.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s-1"},"2_metre_dewpoint_temperature(clte_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"2","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"2 metre dewpoint temperature","parameter_ID":"168","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"2d","standard_name":"2_metre_dewpoint_temperature","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/168"},"description":"This parameter is the temperature to which the air, at 2 metres above the surface of the Earth, would have to be cooled for saturation to occur.It is a measure of the humidity of the air. Combined with temperature and pressure, it can be used to calculate the relative humidity.2m dew point temperature is calculated by interpolating between the lowest model level and the Earth's surface, taking account of the atmospheric conditions.See further information.This parameter has units of kelvin (K). Temperature measured in kelvin can be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) by subtracting 273.15.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"K"},"2_metre_temperature(clte_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"2","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"2 metre temperature","parameter_ID":"167","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"2t","standard_name":"2_metre_temperature","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/167"},"description":"This parameter is the temperature of air at 2m above the surface of land, sea or in-land waters.2m temperature is calculated by interpolating between the lowest model level and the Earth's surface, taking account of the atmospheric conditions.See further information.This parameter has units of kelvin (K). Temperature measured in kelvin can be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) by subtracting 273.15.Please note that the encodings listed here for s2s \u0026 uerra (which includes encodings for carra/cerra) include entries for Mean 2 metre temperature. The specific encoding for Mean 2 metre temperature can be found in 228004.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"K"},"Geopotential(clte_pl)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"1000,925,850,700,600,500,400,300,250,200,150,100,70,50,30,20,10,5,1","levtype":"pl","long_name":"Geopotential","parameter_ID":"129","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"z","standard_name":"Geopotential","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/129"},"description":"This parameter is the gravitational potential energy of a unit mass, at a particular location, relative to mean sea level. It is also the amount of work that would have to be done, against the force of gravity, to lift a unit mass to that location from mean sea level.The geopotential height can be calculated by dividing the geopotential by the Earth's gravitational acceleration, g (=9.80665 m s-2). The geopotential height plays an important role in synoptic meteorology (analysis of weather patterns). Charts of geopotential height plotted at constant pressure levels (e.g., 300, 500 or 850 hPa) can be used to identify weather systems such as cyclones, anticyclones, troughs and ridges.At the surface of the Earth, this parameter shows the variations in geopotential (height) of the surface, and is often referred to as the orography.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m2s-2"},"Land-sea_mask(clte_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"Land-sea mask","parameter_ID":"172","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"lsm","standard_name":"Land-sea_mask","stream":"clte","time":"Daily","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/172"},"description":"This parameter is the proportion of land, as opposed to ocean or inland waters (lakes, reservoirs, rivers and coastal waters), in agrid box.This parameter has values ranging between zero and one and is dimensionless.In cycles of the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) from CY41R1 (introduced in May 2015) onwards, grid boxes where this parameter has a value above 0.5 can be comprised of a mixture of land and inland water but not ocean. Grid boxes with a value of 0.5 and below can only be comprised of a water surface. In the latter case, the lake cover is used to determine how much of the water surface is ocean or inland water.In cycles of the IFS before CY41R1, grid boxes where this parameter has a value above 0.5 can only be comprised of land and those grid boxes with a value of 0.5 and below can only be comprised of ocean. In these older model cycles, there is no differentiation between ocean and inland water.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"(0 - 1)"},"Mean_sea_level_pressure(clte_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"Mean sea level pressure","parameter_ID":"151","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"msl","standard_name":"Mean_sea_level_pressure","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/151"},"description":"This parameter is the pressure (force per unit area) of the atmosphere adjusted to the height of mean sea level.It is a measure of the weight that all the air in a column vertically above the area of Earth's surface would have at that point, if the point were located at the mean sea level. It is calculated over all surfaces - land, sea and in-land water.Maps of mean sea level pressure are used to identify the locations of low and high pressure systems, often referred to as cyclones and anticyclones. Contours of mean sea level pressure also indicate the strength of the wind. Tightly packed contours show stronger winds.The units of this parameter are pascals (Pa).  Mean sea level pressure is often measured in hPa and sometimes is presented in the old units of millibars, mb (1 hPa = 1 mb = 100 Pa).","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"Pa"},"Orography(clte_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"Orography","parameter_ID":"228002","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"orog","standard_name":"Orography","stream":"clte","time":"Daily","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/228002"},"dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m"},"Potential_vorticity(clte_pl)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"1000,925,850,700,600,500,400,300,250,200,150,100,70,50,30,20,10,5,1","levtype":"pl","long_name":"Potential vorticity","parameter_ID":"60","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"pv","standard_name":"Potential_vorticity","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/60"},"description":"Potential vorticity is a measure of the capacity for air to rotate in the atmosphere. If we ignore the effects of heating and friction, potential vorticity is conserved following an air parcel. It is used to look for places where large wind storms are likely to originate and develop.  Potential vorticity increases strongly above the tropopause and therefore, it can also be used in studies related to the stratosphere and stratosphere-troposphere exchanges.Large wind storms develop when a column of air in the atmosphere starts to rotate. Potential vorticity is calculated from the wind, temperature and pressure across a column of air in the atmosphere.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"K m2kg-1s-1"},"Relative_humidity(clte_pl)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"1000,925,850,700,600,500,400,300,250,200,150,100,70,50,30,20,10,5,1","levtype":"pl","long_name":"Relative humidity","parameter_ID":"157","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"r","standard_name":"Relative_humidity","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/157"},"description":"This parameter is the water vapour pressure as a percentage of the value at which the air becomes saturated (the point at which water vapour begins to condense into liquid water or deposition into ice).For temperatures over 0°C (273.15 K) it is calculated for saturation over water. At temperatures below -23°C it is calculated for saturation over ice.  Between -23°C and 0°C this parameter is calculated by interpolating between the ice and water values using a quadratic function.See more information about the model's relative humidity calculation.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"%"},"Skin_temperature(clte_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"Skin temperature","parameter_ID":"235","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"skt","standard_name":"Skin_temperature","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/235"},"description":"This parameter is the temperature of the surface of the Earth.The skin temperature is the theoretical temperature that is required to satisfy the surface energy balance. It represents the temperature of the uppermost surface layer, which has no heat capacity and so can respond instantaneously to changes in surface fluxes. Skin temperature is calculated differently over land and sea.This parameter has units of kelvin (K). Temperature measured in kelvin can be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) by subtracting 273.15.See further information about the skin temperatureover landandover sea.Please note that the encodings listed here for s2s \u0026 uerra (which includes carra/cerra) include entries for Time-mean skin temperature. The specific encoding for Mean skin temperature can be found in 235079.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"K"},"Snow_depth_water_equivalent(clte_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"Snow depth water equivalent","parameter_ID":"228141","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"sd","standard_name":"Snow_depth_water_equivalent","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/228141"},"description":"Snow depth water equivalent in kg m**-2 (mm) water equivalent.Please note that the encodings listed here for s2s \u0026 uerra (which includes carra/cerra) include entries for Time-mean snow depth water equivalent. The specific encoding for Time-mean snow depth water equivalent can be found in 235078.[NOTE: See 141 for the equivalent parameter in \"m of water equivalent\"]","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"kg m-2"},"Snow_depth_water_equivalent(clte_sol)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"1,2,3,4,5","levtype":"sol","long_name":"Snow depth water equivalent","parameter_ID":"228141","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"sd","standard_name":"Snow_depth_water_equivalent","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/228141"},"description":"Snow depth water equivalent in kg m**-2 (mm) water equivalent.Please note that the encodings listed here for s2s \u0026 uerra (which includes carra/cerra) include entries for Time-mean snow depth water equivalent. The specific encoding for Time-mean snow depth water equivalent can be found in 235078.[NOTE: See 141 for the equivalent parameter in \"m of water equivalent\"]","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"kg m-2"},"Specific_cloud_liquid_water_content(clte_pl)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"1000,925,850,700,600,500,400,300,250,200,150,100,70,50,30,20,10,5,1","levtype":"pl","long_name":"Specific cloud liquid water content","parameter_ID":"246","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"clwc","standard_name":"Specific_cloud_liquid_water_content","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/246"},"description":"This parameter is the mass of cloud liquid water droplets per kilogram of the total mass of moist air. The 'total mass of moist air' is the sum of the dry air, water vapour, cloud liquid, cloud ice, rain and falling snow. This parameter represents the average value for agrid box.Water within clouds can be liquid or ice, or a combination of the two.See further information about the cloud formulation.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"kg kg-1"},"Specific_humidity(clte_pl)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"1000,925,850,700,600,500,400,300,250,200,150,100,70,50,30,20,10,5,1","levtype":"pl","long_name":"Specific humidity","parameter_ID":"133","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"q","standard_name":"Specific_humidity","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/133"},"description":"This parameter is the mass of water vapour per kilogram of moist air.The total mass of moist air is the sum of the dry air, water vapour, cloud liquid, cloud ice, rain and falling snow.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"kg kg-1"},"Surface_pressure(clte_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"Surface pressure","parameter_ID":"134","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"sp","standard_name":"Surface_pressure","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/134"},"description":"This parameter is the pressure (force per unit area) of the atmosphere on the surface of land, sea and in-land water.It is a measure of the weight of all the air in a column vertically above the area of the Earth's surface represented at a fixed point.Surface pressure is often used in combination with temperature to calculate air density.The strong variation of pressure with altitude makes it difficult to see the low and high pressure systems over mountainous areas, so mean sea level pressure, rather than surface pressure, is normally used for this purpose.The units of this parameter are Pascals (Pa). Surface pressure is often measured in hPa and sometimes is presented in the old units of millibars, mb (1 hPa = 1 mb= 100 Pa).","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"Pa"},"Temperature(clte_pl)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"1000,925,850,700,600,500,400,300,250,200,150,100,70,50,30,20,10,5,1","levtype":"pl","long_name":"Temperature","parameter_ID":"130","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"t","standard_name":"Temperature","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/130"},"description":"This parameter is the temperature in the atmosphere.It has units of kelvin (K). Temperature measured in kelvin can be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) by subtracting 273.15.This parameter is available on multiple levels through the atmosphere.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"K"},"Time-mean_10_metre_U_wind_component(clmn_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"mean","levelist":"10","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"Time-mean 10 metre U wind component","parameter_ID":"235165","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_10u","standard_name":"Time-mean_10_metre_U_wind_component","stream":"clmn","time":"Monthly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/235165"},"dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s-1"},"Time-mean_10_metre_V_wind_component(clmn_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"mean","levelist":"10","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"Time-mean 10 metre V wind component","parameter_ID":"235166","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_10v","standard_name":"Time-mean_10_metre_V_wind_component","stream":"clmn","time":"Monthly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/235166"},"dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s-1"},"Time-mean_10_metre_wind_speed(clmn_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"mean","levelist":"10","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"Time-mean 10 metre wind speed","parameter_ID":"228005","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_10ws","standard_name":"Time-mean_10_metre_wind_speed","stream":"clmn","time":"Monthly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/228005"},"dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s-1"},"Time-mean_2_metre_dewpoint_temperature(clmn_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"mean","levelist":"2","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"Time-mean 2 metre dewpoint temperature","parameter_ID":"235168","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_2d","standard_name":"Time-mean_2_metre_dewpoint_temperature","stream":"clmn","time":"Monthly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/235168"},"dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"K"},"Time-mean_2_metre_temperature(clmn_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"mean","levelist":"2","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"Time-mean 2 metre temperature","parameter_ID":"228004","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_2t","standard_name":"Time-mean_2_metre_temperature","stream":"clmn","time":"Monthly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/228004"},"dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"K"},"Time-mean_U_component_of_wind(clmn_hl)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"mean","levelist":"100","levtype":"hl","long_name":"Time-mean U component of 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m-2"},"Time-mean_vertically-integrated_heat_content_in_the_upper_700_m(clte_o2d)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"mean","levelist":"700","levtype":"o2d","long_name":"Time-mean vertically-integrated heat content in the upper 700 m","parameter_ID":"263122","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_hc700m","standard_name":"Time-mean_vertically-integrated_heat_content_in_the_upper_700_m","stream":"clte","time":"Daily","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/263122"},"dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"J m-2"},"Time-mean_volumetric_soil_moisture(clmn_sol)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"mean","levelist":"1,2,3,4,5","levtype":"sol","long_name":"Time-mean volumetric soil moisture","parameter_ID":"235077","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_vsw","standard_name":"Time-mean_volumetric_soil_moisture","stream":"clmn","time":"Monthly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/235077"},"dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m3m-3"},"Time_mean_top_downward_short-wave_radiation_flux(clmn_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"mean","levelist":"","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"Time mean top downward short-wave radiation flux","parameter_ID":"235053","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_tdswrf","standard_name":"Time_mean_top_downward_short-wave_radiation_flux","stream":"clmn","time":"Monthly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/235053"},"dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"W m-2"},"Time_mean_top_downward_short-wave_radiation_flux(clte_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"mean","levelist":"","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"Time mean top downward short-wave radiation flux","parameter_ID":"235053","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"avg_tdswrf","standard_name":"Time_mean_top_downward_short-wave_radiation_flux","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/235053"},"dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"W m-2"},"Total_Cloud_Cover(clte_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"Total Cloud Cover","parameter_ID":"228164","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"tcc","standard_name":"Total_Cloud_Cover","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/228164"},"description":"[NOTE: See 164 for the equivalent parameter in \"(0-1)\"]","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"%"},"Total_column_cloud_ice_water(clte_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"Total column cloud ice water","parameter_ID":"79","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"tciw","standard_name":"Total_column_cloud_ice_water","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/79"},"description":"This parameter is the amount of ice contained within clouds in a column extending from the surface of the Earth to the top of the atmosphere. Snow (aggregated ice crystals) is not included in this parameter.This parameter represents the area averaged value for amodel grid box.Clouds contain a continuum of different- sized water droplets and ice particles. The  ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) cloud scheme simplifies this to represent a number of discrete cloud droplets/particles including: cloud water droplets, raindrops, ice crystals and snow (aggregated ice crystals). The processes of droplet formation, phase transition and aggregation are also highly simplified in the IFS.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"kg m-2"},"Total_column_cloud_liquid_water(clte_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"Total column cloud liquid water","parameter_ID":"78","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"tclw","standard_name":"Total_column_cloud_liquid_water","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/78"},"description":"This parameter is the amount of liquid water contained within cloud droplets in a column extending from the surface of the Earth to the top of the atmosphere. Rain water droplets, which are much larger in size (and mass), are not included in this parameter.This parameter represents the area averaged value for amodel grid box.Clouds contain a continuum of different- sized water droplets and ice particles. The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) cloud scheme simplifies this to represent a number of discrete cloud droplets/particles including: cloud water droplets, raindrops, ice crystals and snow (aggregated ice crystals). The processes of droplet formation, phase transition and aggregation are also highly simplified in the IFS.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"kg m-2"},"Total_column_vertically-integrated_water_vapour(clte_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"Total column vertically-integrated water vapour","parameter_ID":"137","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"tcwv","standard_name":"Total_column_vertically-integrated_water_vapour","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/137"},"description":"This parameter is the total amount of water vapour in a column extending from the surface of the Earth to the top of the atmosphere.This parameter represents the area averaged value for agrid box.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"kg m-2"},"Total_column_water(clte_sfc)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"","levtype":"sfc","long_name":"Total column water","parameter_ID":"136","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"tcw","standard_name":"Total_column_water","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/136"},"description":"This parameter is the sum of water vapour, liquid water, cloud ice, rain and snow in a column extending from the surface of the Earth to the top of the atmosphere. In old versions of the ECMWF model (IFS), rain and snow were not accounted for.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"kg m-2"},"U_component_of_wind(clte_hl)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"100","levtype":"hl","long_name":"U component of wind","parameter_ID":"131","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"u","standard_name":"U_component_of_wind","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/131"},"description":"This parameter is the eastward component of the wind. It is the horizontal speed of air moving towards the east, in metres per second. A negative sign thus indicates air movement towards the west.This parameter can be combined with the V component of wind to give the speed and direction of the horizontal wind.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s-1"},"U_component_of_wind(clte_pl)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"1000,925,850,700,600,500,400,300,250,200,150,100,70,50,30,20,10,5,1","levtype":"pl","long_name":"U component of wind","parameter_ID":"131","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"u","standard_name":"U_component_of_wind","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/131"},"description":"This parameter is the eastward component of the wind. It is the horizontal speed of air moving towards the east, in metres per second. A negative sign thus indicates air movement towards the west.This parameter can be combined with the V component of wind to give the speed and direction of the horizontal wind.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s-1"},"V_component_of_wind(clte_hl)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"100","levtype":"hl","long_name":"V component of wind","parameter_ID":"132","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"v","standard_name":"V_component_of_wind","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/132"},"description":"This parameter is the northward component of the wind. It is the horizontal speed of air moving towards the north, in metres per second. A negative sign thus indicates air movement towards the south.This parameter can be combined with the U component of wind to give the speed and direction of the horizontal wind.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s-1"},"V_component_of_wind(clte_pl)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"1000,925,850,700,600,500,400,300,250,200,150,100,70,50,30,20,10,5,1","levtype":"pl","long_name":"V component of wind","parameter_ID":"132","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"v","standard_name":"V_component_of_wind","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/132"},"description":"This parameter is the northward component of the wind. It is the horizontal speed of air moving towards the north, in metres per second. A negative sign thus indicates air movement towards the south.This parameter can be combined with the U component of wind to give the speed and direction of the horizontal wind.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m s-1"},"Vertical_velocity(clte_pl)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"1000,925,850,700,600,500,400,300,250,200,150,100,70,50,30,20,10,5,1","levtype":"pl","long_name":"Vertical velocity","parameter_ID":"135","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"w","standard_name":"Vertical_velocity","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/135"},"description":"This parameter is the speed of air motion in the upward or downward direction. The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) uses a pressure based vertical co-ordinate system and pressure decreases with height, therefore negative values of vertical velocity indicate upward motion.Vertical velocity can be useful to understand the large-scale dynamics of the atmosphere, including areas of upward motion/ascent (negative values) and downward motion/subsidence (positive values).","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"Pa s-1"},"Volumetric_soil_moisture(clte_sol)":{"attrs":{"encoding":"instantaneous","levelist":"1,2,3,4,5","levtype":"sol","long_name":"Volumetric soil moisture","parameter_ID":"260199","product_type":"forecast","shortName":"vsw","standard_name":"Volumetric_soil_moisture","stream":"clte","time":"Hourly","url":"https://codes.ecmwf.int/grib/param-db/260199"},"description":"Please note that the encoding listed here for uerra (which includes carra/cerra) includes entries for Time-mean volumetric soil moisture. The specific encoding for Time-mean volumetric soil moisture can be found in 235077.","dimensions":["lat","lon","time"],"type":"data","unit":"m3m-3"}},"sci:publications":[{"doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2023.3260519","citation":"N. Wedi et al., Destination Earth: High-Performance Computing for Weather and Climate, in Computing in Science \u0026 Engineering, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 29-37, Nov.-Dec. 2022,"},{"doi":"10.21957/d3f982672e","citation":"Destination Earth Digital Twin for Climate Change Adaptation (DestinE Climate DT V1)"}],"dedl:short_description":"The Climate Change Adaptation Digital Twin provides global climate projections and sector-specific information over multiple decades at high resolution via a unified framework combining advanced Earth system models, impact assessments, and observations. This Generation-2, Realization-1 Collection gives access to 'Future Projection' data based on the 'IFS-NEMO' model."}],"links":[{"rel":"root","type":"application/json","href":"https://hda.data.destination-earth.eu/stac/v2/","title":"DEDL HDA STAC API"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/json","href":"https://hda.data.destination-earth.eu/stac/v2/collections?q=%22Climate+Change+Adaptation+Digital+Twin%22+AND+%22Future+Projection%22+AND+Generation-2+AND+IFS-NEMO","title":"Current Page"}]}